| The Honourable Joseph Yam |
|
|---|---|
| 1st Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority | |
| In office April 1993 – 1 October 2009 |
|
| Governor | Chris Patten |
| Succeeded by | Norman Chan |
| 1st Director of the Office of the Exchange Fund | |
| In office 1991–1993 |
|
| Governor | Chris Patten |
| Succeeded by | Office Abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Joseph Yam Chi-kwong |
| Nationality | Hong Kong Chinese |
| Political party | none |
| Alma mater | University of Hong Kong |
| Occupation | Retired |
| Profession | Economist Statistician |
The Honourable Joseph Yam Chi-kwong, GBM, GBS, CBE, JP (traditional Chinese: 任志剛; simplified Chinese: 任志刚; pinyin: Rén Zhìgāng; born 1947 in Hong Kong with family roots in Changping Town, Dongguan, Guangdong[1]) is a Hong Kong statistician, economist and civil servant. Yam was the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) from April 1993 to 1 October 2009.
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Yam graduated from the University of Hong Kong. He joined the Government of Hong Kong as a statistician in 1971, and became an economist in 1976. In 1982, he was appointed Principal Assistant Secretary for Monetary Affairs.[2] In 1983, Yam helped formulate the peg between the Hong Kong dollar and US dollar.[3] He was appointed Deputy Secretary for Monetary Affairs in 1985 and Director of the Office of the Exchange Fund in 1991.[2] When the Office of the Exchange Fund merged with Office of the Commissioner of Banking in 1993, he became the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.
In 1995, the Hong Kong Institute of Bankers voted him 'Banker of the Year'.
Despite a study conducted by S. K. Tsang, a Professor of Economics in Hong Kong Baptist University, indicating there were weaknesses of the HKD-USA exchange rate peg system[4] during the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, Yam did not amend the narrow-based peg. Instead, he defended the Hong Kong dollar by pushing up interest rates – he pushed the overnight Interbank rates up to 280% on 23 October 1997.[5]
In an audacious move, the HKMA also bought US$15 billion in stocks amidst the market panic in 1998. The measure restored calm, and consequently succeeded to defend the Hong Kong fixed exchange rate parity against the US dollar. The move was initially criticised by, amongst others, Alan Greenspan, who voiced concern in September 1998 that the strategy would fail and erode the credibility of the HKMA.[6] "It turned out that his timing was exquisite," Greenspan later said. "It was a risky action [which]... I wouldn’t recommend as a general rule for central banks."[6]
In 2007, Yam was the highest paid central banker in the world, with an annual salary of US$1.32 million, about seven times that of the Chairman of the Federal Reserve ($191,300).,[7] and approximately three times that of the President of the European Central Bank (EUR 351,816 in 2008), the Governor of the Bank of England (GBP 290,000 in 2008) and the Governor of the Bank of Japan ($370,000 in 2007)[8]
In 2008, he was summoned by the a subcommittee of Legislative Council of Hong Kong in a hearing regarding issues arising from Lehman Brothers-related Minibonds and structured financial products [9]
Noticing the pricing differential between shares listed on both the local market (H-shares) and the Shanghai Stock Exchange (A-shares), Yam pushed for mechanisms to promoter greater convergence and arbitrage. Ignoring major obstacles pointed out by local brokers, he is credited with persuading the Government to take a 5.9% stake in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as leverage, and the pushing the program[10] which allowed mainland individuals to buy Hong Kong securities directly by opening foreign-currency accounts at the Bank of China branch in northern Tianjin. The scheme was announced by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on 20 August 2007,[11][12] but stalled at the starting gate, when Beijing refused to grant permission.[13]
Joseph Yam, regarded as one of the territory's most powerful officials and described as "one of the best paid and the longest serving central bank chiefs in the world", [3] confirmed on 19 May 2009 his plan for retirement, after serving in the post for 16 years.[3] When it was originally announced in October 2007 that he would retire on 1 October 2009, financial columnist Jake van der Kamp linked Yam's departure with his handling of the A-share and H-share plans which destabilised Hong Kong's economy.[10] However, Sir Donald Tsang described Yam as "Comrade in arm who acted in concert with the government in 1998 to overcome the Asian financial turmoil and under the present financial tsunami, Hong Kong's banking system has remained stable." [3] In retirement, Yam will become an honorary consultant of the People's Bank of China.[3]
Yam was awarded Doctor of Business Administration honoris causa by the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology in Nov 2009.
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by ?? |
Deputy Secretary for Monetary Affairs 1985 – 1991 |
Succeeded by: TBD |
| Preceded by: TBD |
Director of the Office of the Exchange Fund 1991 – 1993 |
Succeeded by: TBD |
| New office | Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority 1993–2009 |
Succeeded by Norman Chan |
| Order of precedence | ||
| Preceded by Hari Naroomal Harilela Recipient of the Grand Bauhinia Medal |
Hong Kong order of precedence Recipient of the Grand Bauhinia Medal |
Succeeded by Stanley Ho Recipient of the Grand Bauhinia Medal |